Israeli intelligence appears to have gained unprecedented insight into Hezbollah’s inner workings, exposing secret units, leadership changes, and operational structures previously unknown even to the Lebanese state. Reports from Israeli research centers, notably the Alma Research and Education Center, detail Hezbollah’s military and logistical operations with precision that suggests deep human and technological penetration, raising serious questions about the group’s security and operational integrity.

Israeli surveillance and reporting indicate that the country often knows what is unfolding inside Hezbollah before Lebanese authorities or the public do. Internal disagreements, sensitive relocations of senior officials, and shifts in operational roles are reportedly monitored closely. Observers say this level of insight portrays Hezbollah as facing what amounts to a full intelligence scandal, with Israel leveraging technology, human intelligence, and force to stay ahead.

The reports reveal that Israel’s targeted assassinations are no longer simply military strikes but part of a broader intelligence effort. Alma’s publications provide detailed accounts of Hezbollah’s secret units, including names, leadership roles, and structural changes that would normally be confined to the organization’s inner circle.

Among the most striking disclosures are the identities of those managing “Unit 4400,” the clandestine apparatus responsible for transferring strategic weapons from Iran through Syria into Lebanon. Many Lebanese were previously unaware of the unit’s existence or its leadership. The reports suggest that Israeli intelligence is privy not just to movements and shipments, but virtually to the planning meetings where logistical routes and delivery schedules are determined. This explains why weapons shipments are often struck with surgical precision upon entering Lebanon or even while being unloaded into temporary storage. The mention of figures such as Haj Fadi, also known as Mohammad Jaafar Qassir, who was assassinated, and those who replaced him in managing logistical corridors suggests that Israel’s surveillance extends beyond tracking shipments.

The focus also extends to Hezbollah’s elite Radwan Unit. Alma’s analysis does not stop at naming senior commanders who were killed, including Ibrahim Aqil and Ahmed Wahbi. It outlines the unit’s regional structure — the Litani sector, Aziz Unit and Nasser Unit — and identifies newly appointed field commanders. According to the report, Radwan has rebuilt its manpower to roughly 5,000 fighters, a level comparable to its pre-war strength, and has regained operational readiness. It is said to retain the capacity to launch limited, focused offensive operations against Israel under various scenarios, despite logistical constraints posed by its distance from the border.

The rapid exposure of so-called “shadow commanders” indicates a profound breach in Hezbollah’s security. Information of this sensitivity would normally be restricted to the administrative core of the Jihadi Council, suggesting infiltration may have reached the organization’s deepest layers.

Further evidence of deep intelligence penetration lies in the naming of officials overseeing Hezbollah’s precision-guided missile program and drone units. The level of detail suggests Israeli intelligence has moved beyond satellite monitoring into sustained human and technological infiltration. The reports imply that Israel maintains what amounts to a comprehensive organizational map; a “family tree” of military units that includes aides, bodyguards and even Iranian engineers supervising underground production facilities.

The Israeli reports also touch on potential leadership changes. It suggest that if senior lawmaker Mohammad Raad were appointed deputy to Hezbollah’s current secretary-general, Naim Qassem, Hassan Fadlallah would take over leadership of the group's “Loyalty to the Resistance” parliamentary bloc. Such a move is described as part of a broader push to reinforce the party’s institutional and parliamentary profile.

Alma further reports that Hezbollah’s media apparatus is undergoing restructuring aimed at centralizing authority and tightening message discipline. Ibrahim Moussawi is expected to head the Media Authority, overseeing unified messaging and coordinating media appearances. Dr. Youssef Al-Zein may assume responsibility for media relations, succeeding Mohammad Afif, who was assassinated in 2024, while Dr. Ali Al-Hajj Youssef could be tasked with managing social media operations. Ahmad Rahhal and Ali Ayoub are cited as potential heads of the Electronic Communications Authority, which could assume a monitoring role over digital content.

A security source speaking to Nidaa Al-Watan described the Alma publications and similar Israeli press reports as coded security messages to Hezbollah: “We know what is happening inside your closed rooms before it leaves them,” the source said.

The source added that the scale and precision of the information available to Israel place Hezbollah in a difficult position. Its decades-old security apparatus appears to have been penetrated both electronically and through human sources, leaving newly appointed commanders at high risk.

“In light of this breach, talk of rebuilding the arsenal is like filling a perforated basket. While Iranian funds and goods enter through ports under the cover of ‘iron and glass,’ names and coordinates are leaving Hezbollah’s ranks and landing directly in Israel’s target bank," the source explained.