In a nutshell:

According to a study published in September in the Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, consuming coffee and caffeine in moderation regularly could help prevent conditions like type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. The amount the researchers found that had the most protective effects was around 200–300 mg daily, or roughly 2-3 cups of coffee.

Key takeaways:

• The researchers compared people who did not consume any caffeine or who drank less than 100 milligrams (mg) per day with people who drank about 200 to 300 mg of caffeine a day, or the equivalent of three coffee drinks.
• The latter group, who consumed a moderate amount of caffeine, had a 48.1% or 40.7% reduced risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases.
• The study used data from the UK Biobank with a large sample size of over 360,000 people ages 37–73.
• Melanie Murphy Richter, MS, RDN, a registered dietitian nutritionist who was not involved in the research, explained that the mechanism through which caffeine may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes is by enhancing insulin sensitivity, as well as boosting fat metabolism to support overall cardiometabolic health.
• Experts such as Cheng-Han Chen, MD, a board-certified interventional cardiologist who was not involved in the study, cautioned as to overestimating caffeine’s benefits and said:
  “[B]oth coffee and tea are complex beverages that contain hundreds of bioactive compounds, and their biological effects likely extend beyond those of the caffeine itself. Compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and polyphenols, are thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and might be involved in glucose and lipid metabolism as well.”

In a nutshell:

A study not yet published in a peer-reviewed journal but recently presented at ACC Asia 2024in India in August found that people who chronically consume high amounts of caffeine at least five days per week may have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This was true even if the study participants were otherwise in good health.

Key takeaways:

• For this study, the researchers defined chronic caffeine consumption as drinking any caffeinated beverage—including coffee, tea, soda, and energy drinks—five days a week for over a year.
• This equaled about 400 milligrams (mg) of caffeine daily, or roughly four cups of coffee, two energy drinks, or 10 cans of soda.
• The researchers discovered that people who consumed at least 400 mg had increased heart rates and blood pressure over time, and this was even more pronounced for people who consumed 600 mg of caffeine a day.
• Commenting on their findings, Nency Kagathara, MBBS, lead author of this study and researcher in the Department of Internal Medicine at Zydus Medical College and Hospital in India, said: “Due to its effect on the autonomic nervous system, regular caffeine consumption could put otherwise healthy individuals at risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular events. Increasing awareness of these risks is vital to improve heart health for all.”