Hezbollah is intensifying its military rehabilitation efforts across Lebanon with direct Iranian support, according to a new assessment by Israel’s Alma Research and Education Center. The report describes a deep and organized campaign involving weapons production, smuggling, training, and the rebuilding of underground infrastructure destroyed during the recent conflict.

“Hezbollah, with Iranian support and sponsorship, is carrying out fundamental and focused military rehabilitation efforts,” the Alma Center said. “Iran is actively involved in training, professional accompaniment, and the transfer of experts, which gives the rehabilitation a strategic and deep character.”

According to the report, the group’s “geographic center of gravity on the southern front has shifted north of the Litani — to the Badr Unit sector,” where it is now concentrating much of its weapons storage, training, and operational activity. Before the war, Hezbollah’s core activity was centered south of the Litani River.

The Alma Center said Hezbollah has accelerated its domestic production and repair of weapons, achieving “mass production capability for simple weapons and specific capability for advanced or precision weapons.” Despite tighter controls and Israeli strikes in Syria, the group has developed “alternative smuggling routes — the new corridor” to move weapons and cash into Lebanon.

These efforts include what the report called “extensive money-changing activity” used to transfer funds for arms procurement, recruitment, and training. Israeli intelligence, the report added, has identified “a clear correspondence between the nature of the targeted objectives and the roles of those neutralized in Hezbollah,” suggesting that Israeli strikes are successfully disrupting the group’s rebuilding network.

The report said Hezbollah continues to rely on a vast network of underground tunnels and storage facilities, including some that survived Israeli attacks, particularly south and north of the Litani and in the Bekaa Valley.

“We assess that there still exists a large remaining infrastructure of the ‘tunnel country’… some for storage and some prepared for launching,” the Alma Center wrote.

It added that Hezbollah is also investing heavily in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and loitering munitions as “a central effort for the future confrontation,” marking a shift toward more covert and technological warfare.

The report stressed that Iran plays an integral role in Hezbollah’s rebuilding.

“Professional officers and experts from the Revolutionary Guards in general, and the Quds Force in particular, are physically present in Lebanon and are closely mentoring and guiding Hezbollah,” it said.

Iran’s involvement, the center noted, gives the process “a strategic and deep character” and reflects Tehran’s “strategic decision to rehabilitate Hezbollah militarily.”

Since the ceasefire, Israel has carried out more than 600 strikes across Lebanon aimed at disrupting Hezbollah’s rehabilitation, according to the report. About 47.5% of those strikes occurred south of the Litani, 37.5% north of it, and 13% in the Bekaa region.

The Alma Center said many of the targeted sites were “civilian in appearance only,” claiming they were being used to rebuild Hezbollah’s operational infrastructure.

“The purpose of strikes against ostensibly ‘civilian’ infrastructures and ‘civilian professionals’ is in fact to frustrate Hezbollah’s attempt to carry out military rehabilitation while ‘hiding’ under the cover of civilian reconstruction,” it said.

Among the examples cited were airstrikes on engineering companies, fuel depots, and solar panel installations allegedly linked to Hezbollah’s logistical network. One such strike targeted the Tabaja Equipment Company in Sidon, whose owners denied any political ties but whose operations, the report said, “do not appear difficult to link to Hezbollah’s rehabilitation activities.”

The report described the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) as “limited in their ability and willingness to enforce weapons disarmament,” citing demographic sensitivities, fear of internal conflict, and Hezbollah’s control over key territories.

“The gap between publications about weapons-disarmament actions and reality are very large,” it added.

Alma said the LAF operates “in the disarmament context only south of the Litani River” and “cannot enter Hezbollah military areas unless authorized by Hezbollah.” According to Israeli data cited in the report, Israel has submitted 1,734 complaints of Hezbollah violations since the ceasefire, but fewer than one-third were addressed by the Lebanese army.

The center warned that the gradual return of civilians to border villages could allow Hezbollah to “use residents as human shields and facilitate its military rehabilitation close to the border.” It also tied Hezbollah’s political ambitions to its military efforts, saying the group “is investing significant efforts in its preparations for the northern parliamentary elections in May 2026.”

“Hezbollah’s rehabilitation efforts focus on survivability and transitioning to more covert operations,” the report concluded. “The right to rehabilitate Lebanese civilian infrastructure does not exist as long as it serves as cover and a base for Hezbollah’s military rehabilitation.”