What is leukemia?

Leukemia is the medical term for cancer that affectsTrusted Source blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow and lymphatic system.

Most types of leukemia develop in WBCs, an essential part of the immune system. Types of white blood cells include:

  • granulocytes
  • monocytes
  • lymphocytes

Typically, WBCs grow and divide in an organized fashion as the body needs them. However, in people with leukemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal WBCs that do not work as they should.

Types

Leukemia can be either acute or chronic. Acute leukemia progresses much faster than chronic leukemia and requires more immediate treatment.

Some forms of leukemia commonly affect children, whereas other forms occur primarily in adults.

Types of leukemia include:

  • Acute lymphocytic leukemia: This type of leukemia begins in blood-forming cells within the bone marrow. It is more commonTrusted Source in children versus adults.
  • Acute myeloid leukemia: This type of leukemia usually develops from cells that turn into WBCs other than lymphocytes but can involve different types of blood-forming cells. It is most common in adults.
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: This leukemia originates from lymphocytes. It primarilyTrusted Source affects older adults.
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia: This leukemia begins in the cells of the bone marrow before entering the blood. Chronic myeloid leukemia accounts for only 10%Trusted Source of leukemia cases.
  • Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: This rare leukemia also begins in blood-forming cells within the bone marrow. It involves an overproduction of monocytes. It is more commonTrusted Source in older adults.
Summary

Leukemia is a type of cancer affecting the bone marrow and blood cells. It typically affects WBCs, which are responsible for protecting against infection and illness.

Leukemia and its treatment affect many areas of the body, including blood, bones, the heart and other muscles, and the digestive system. Leukemia also affects the immune system, increasing the risk of infections. A person can reduce their risk of infection by managing hygiene and avoiding people who are sick.

People living with leukemia may face unique challenges. Many people benefit from seeking emotional and practical help from a support group. A person can ask their doctor or medical team for information on support groups in their area.