Coughing: Is It COVID-19, Flu, Cold, RSV, Or Allergies?

A cough is one of the hallmark symptoms of COVID-19. But a cough is also a typical symptom of many other conditions, including the flu, the common cold, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and seasonal allergies.

If you’re coughing, you may wonder how you can tell whether it’s due to COVID-19 or a different condition. This article will look at some ways you may be able to tell the difference.

What does COVID-19 cough feel and sound like?

Research published in 2021 tried to study the sounds a person makes to determine whether they can detect COVID-19 via cough.

They were able to tell the difference between a person who coughs to, for example, clear their throat versus someone who coughs because they have an illness. But there isn’t a way to definitively diagnose COVID-19 by cough sound detection, according to a 2022 study.

About two-thirds of coughs related to COVID-19 are dry coughs that don’t produce mucus. This means that most coughs are going to be dry and hacking. With dry cough, it’s often hard to stop coughing once you start.

Still, you may sometimes cough up mucus when you have COVID-19.

These characteristics differ from a “normal” cough, where your body is trying to get rid of some kind of irritant. Such coughs are usually self-limiting and won’t continue throughout the day.

What is the treatment for COVID-19 cough?

If you have a cough related to COVID-19, you may experience chest discomfort and interrupted sleep — a concern when you’re trying to rest and recover.

Some methods you can use to specifically address your cough include:

  • Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. This helps to keep your throat moist and reduces irritation.
  • Use a cool mist humidifier if the air in your home is very dry. You can also take a hot shower with the door closed to generate plenty of steam.
  • Consume cold or hot foods, like popsicles, warm tea, broth, or ice chips. These can all soothe irritated throats and reduce coughing.
  • Consider over-the-counter (OTC) cough drops or cough-reducing lollipops.
  • Consume a teaspoon of honey. (Infants younger than 1 year old should not consume honey for safety reasons.)

Using cough medication can be controversial if you have a wet cough that brings up mucus. If you suppress your cough, you may not get all the mucus up. Instead, you may wish to take a cough expectorant, which helps you cough the mucus up.

If you have a dry cough, which is typical with COVID-19, taking cough suppressants can help.